Although other languages of Ghana are available to them, students, particularly males, use GhaPE as a means of expressing solidarity, camaraderie and youthful rebellion. In some cases, educators have unsuccessfully attempted to ban the use of pidgin. Adults and children have traditionally not spoken GhaPE.
Mixed-gender groups more often converse in SGE or another language. While females understand GhaPE, they are less likely to use it in public or professional settings. Other influencers of GhaPE include Ga, Ewe, and Nzema. GhaPE's substrate languages such as Akan influenced use of the spoken pidgin in Ghana. GhaPE, like other varieties of West African Pidgin English, is also influenced locally by the vocabulary of the indigenous languages spoken around where it developed. The former terms are associated with uneducated or illiterate people and the latter are acquired and used in institutions such as universities and are influenced by Standard Ghanaian English.
GhaPE can be divided into two varieties, referred to as "uneducated" or "non-institutionalized" pidgin and "educated" or "institutionalized" pidgin. GhaPE cannot be considered a creole as it has no L1 speakers.
Other languages spoken as lingua franca in Ghana are Standard Ghanaian English (SGE) and Akan. It is confined to a smaller section of society than other West African creoles, and is more stigmatized, perhaps due to the importance of Twi, an Akan dialect, often spoken as lingua franca. GhaPE is a regional variety of West African Pidgin English spoken in Ghana, predominantly in the southern capital, Accra, and surrounding towns. Ghanaian Pidgin English (GhaPE), is a Ghanaian English- lexifier pidgin also known as Pidgin, Broken English, and Kru English ( kroo brofo in Akan). For standard English spoken in Ghana, see Ghanaian English. This article is about an English-based creole.
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